Authors:
L. T. MALTSEVA, candidate of agricultural sciences, senior researcher,
E. A. FILIPPOVA, senior researcher,
N. YU. BANNIKOVA, senior researcher,
I. A. DROBOT, researcher
Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture (9 Lenina Str., 641325, Sadovoye, Ketovsky district, Kurgan region)
Abstract. In recent years the epiphytic danger of distribution of rust on crops of soft wheat brown and stem is observed. Emergence of rust is caused by climate change, migration of new phytopathogens, introduction of the minimum ways of processing of the soil, loss of resistance of the grades sowed in production to new harmful races. There is a threat of distribution of dangerous Ug-99 race from the African continent. Losses of a harvest from damage by diseases can reach more than 30 %. The most economically reasonable factor of maintaining stability of collecting grain is creation and introduction in production of the grades combining high efficiency, drought resistance with resistance to diseases. The purpose of this research – to estimate selection material from nursery of competitive variety trial against the background of epiphytosis of brown and stem rust (2015, 2016) on a natural background to allocate collection samples, steady and tolerant to mushroom pathogens, for inclusion in hybridization. In nurseries of initial material the collection of spring-sown field of domestic and foreign origin in volume of 150 grades, a set of grade varieties according to programs is annually studied: the Kazakhstan – Siberian network – 50 grade varieties; Ug-99 (Kenya) – 147; BSN (Breeding Shuttle Nursery) – up to 200 hybrid populations which have passed assessment on an artificial infectious background in Mexico (SIMMIT). The scheme of crossings joins also the best grades. The selection lines of control nursery susceptible to stem rust (point 4), but forming high productivity from 33.0 to 38.2 c/ha are of practical interest. The best of them are received from combinations: Apasovka/Zhazira, Chebarkul/Duet, P-66b/Desyatka, Omsk 33/ Tuleevskaya, Novosibirsk 15/Faure, etc.
Keywords: stability, variety, spring soft wheat, leaf rust, stem rust, yield, collection, mass 1000зерен, full-scale mass of grain.
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