I. A. Sychev1, E. A. Loginov1 , O. Yu. Oparina2 , K. S. Petrov2 , A. S. Krivonogova1 , E. N. Bespamyatnykh1
1 Ural State Agrarian University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
2 Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Volume 25 No. 10
Date of paper submission: 16.08.2025, date of review: 26.09.2025, date of acceptance: 29.09.2025
Published: 10/31/2025
Abstract. The purpose of our study was to assess the impact of adverse sanitary and hygienic conditions on the general condition of goats with various manifestations of CAEV infection, as well as to identify changes in immunohematological blood parameters in different clinical forms of the infection. Methods. The study was conducted on 3 groups of goats: the first group included animals with clinical signs of arthritis, the second – with mastitis, and the third – asymptomatic animals. The presence of antibodies to caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus was confirmed in all goats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood samples were collected from all experimental animals for immunohematological analysis, and the microclimatic conditions of the premises were assessed. Additionally, the opportunistic microbial flora was studied with determination of phenotypic antibiotic sensitivity. Scientific novelty. We established the dependence of the dynamics of immunohematological parameters on the form of the pathological process and the influence of sanitary and hygienic factors. Results. Positive correlations between the numbers of monocytes, lymphocytes, and segmented neutrophils indicate a coordinated immune response, taking into account monocyte migration to the joints. In the mastitis group, positive correlations were found between the number of erythrocytes and the percentage of B-lymphocytes and band neutrophils, as well as between leukocytes and segmented neutrophils, indicating humoral immunity and neutrophilic inflammation in CAEV. Negative correlations of erythrocytes with the T/B cell ratio and monocytes, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) with the total lymphocyte count and T-lymphocytes, reflect lymphopenia and cell migration to inflammatory foci. Decreased monocyte numbers and phagocytic activity combined with a high percentage of T-lymphocytes indicate an immunosuppressive state. Negative correlations between the total leukocyte count and hemoglobin, and between hematocrit and monocyte count, suggest the absence of pronounced inflammation. A positive association between band neutrophils and eosinophils, as well as ESR and phagocytic activity, may indicate the early stage of inflammation with active phagocytosis. Antibiotic sensitivity analysis of isolates of clinically significant opportunistic bacteria showed heterogeneous susceptibility to the tested antimicrobial agents (AMAs). The use of pine sawdust bedding, which emits volatile terpenes and phenols, likely exacerbates irritation of the respiratory mucosa and allergic reactions, worsening the course of CAEV infection. These findings highlight the need to optimize sanitary conditions, including replacing pine sawdust with neutral bedding materials and improving the microclimate to minimize inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects in goats with CAEV.
Keywords: immunohematological profile, sanitary and hygienic conditions, caprine arthritis-encephalitis, mastitis, opportunistic microflora, antibiotic sensitivity
Acknowledgements. The authors express their gratitude to O. G. Tomskikh for assistance in conducting the clinical examination of animals and biomaterial collection, as well as to the Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics with the testing laboratory of Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences for conducting the laboratory tests.
For citation: Sychev I. A., Loginov E. A., Oparina O. Yu., Petrov K. S., Krivonogova A. S., Bespamyatnykh E. N. Hematological profile of goats carrying arthritis-encephalitis, depending on the clinical manifestation of the disease and the conditions of their keeping. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2025; 25 (10): 1672‒1683. https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2025-25-10-1672-1683 (In Russ.)
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