R. D. Kostitsyn, O. V. Khonina
North Caucasus Federal Agrarian Research Centеr, Mikhaylovsk, Stavropol Territory, Russia
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Volume 25 No. 10
Date of paper submission: 30.04.2025, date of review: 20.06.2025, date of acceptance: 15.07.2025.
Published: 10/31/2025
Abstract. The purpose of the study is to select different types and varieties of perennial legumes and grasses for the creation of agrophytocenoses used in the green conveyor system in the conditions of unstable humidification zone of the Stavropol Territory. Methods. The object of research are species of cereals (festulolium, orchard grass, awnless brome, meadow fescue, elongated wheatgrass) and leguminous grasses (yellow sweet clover, cock's-foot grass, purple medic, yellow alfalfa, white sweet clover) used for cultivation in binary and poly-species agrophytocenoses. The work is based on the results of stationary field experiments conducted in 2020–2024 in accordance with the requirements of generally accepted methods for conducting experiments with forage crops. Results. In order to ensure a uniform supply of feed mass during the growing season, it is necessary to create several types of grass stands, differing in the timing of the onset of mowing ripeness. As early-ripening, we can recommend herb mixtures consisting of festulolium, orchard grass, yellow sweet clover, cock's-foot grass; medium-ripened – awnless brome, meadow fescue, yellow sweet clover, purple medic; late-ripening – elongated wheatgrass, white sweet clover, yellow alfalfa. On average, over 4 years of use, when harvesting herb stands in the phase of earing (sweeping out) of cereals – blossom of legumes, early-ripening crops provided an output of 16.4–19.8 t/ha of green mass, 226.3–312.2 kg/ha of crude protein, 15.8–22.0 GJ/ha of exchange energy; medium-ripened – 20.1–23.5 t/ha of green mass, 315.0–371.1 kg/ha of crude protein, 20.3–26.8 GJ/ha of exchange energy; lateripening – 24.2–28.8 t/ha of green mass, 323.5–447.2 kg/ha of crude protein, 21.6–32.9 GJ/ha of exchange energy. Late-ripening herbages outperform early-ripening and medium-ripening ones in yield, nutritional value, phytocenotic stability in grass mixtures and adaptability to weather conditions. Scientific novelty. For the first time, an assessment of agrophytocenoses differing in precocity based on different varieties and species of cereals and legumes was carried out in the conditions of unstable humidification in the Stavropol Territory. A green conveyor scheme has been developed to ensure uninterrupted supply of feed mass for 105 days.
Keywords: different-ripening herbage, perennial grasses, legume-cereal grass mixtures, mowing ripeness, harvesting phases, yield, nutritional value, green conveyor
Acknowledgements. The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the North Caucasus Federal Agrarian Research Centеr in accordance with the thematic research plan on the topic FNMU-2022- 0008 “To improve the system of grassland forage production in the South of Russia”.
For citation: Kostitsyn R. D., Khonina O. V. Creation of highly productive agrophytocenoses with the participation of varieties and types of cereals and legumes of different maturity for use in the green conveyor. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2025; 25 (10): 1541‒1552. https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2025-25-10-1541-1552 (In Russ.)
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