Authors:
A. M. Galasheva,
Z. E. Ozherelieva
Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK), Zhilina village, Orel region, Russia
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Abstract. The purpose of the research is the study of drought resistance and yield of apple tree varieties bred by VNIISPK and introduced bred varieties to identify the most promising varieties on medium-sized clonal rootstock 54-118. Methods. The following objects were taken for research: apple tree varieties bred by VNIISPK (Rozhdestvenskoe, Pamyat’ Semakinu, Ministr Kiselev, Orlovskoe Poles’ye, Vyatich, Orlovskiy Partizan, Zdorov’ye), a variety of the Polish selection Ligol and an American selection Honey Crisp on a medium-growing clonal rootstock 54-118. The drought resistance of apple tree varieties was determined using the method of artificial dehydration of leaf tissue (in 2 repetitions of 5 leaves each). Results. Analysis of weather conditions (in 2019, in 2020) showed the average level of water content in leaf tissues of varieties (VNIISPK selection and Polish, American selection) during the growing season (May – August).Varieties with a high level of leaf resistance after wilting and the ability to quickly restore water content in laboratory conditions were identified in 2019 (Orlovskiy Partizan – 129.2 %, Ligol – 127.5 %, Pamyat’ Semakinu – 125.2 %) and in 2020 (Rozhdestvenskoe – 134.1 %, Orlovskiy Partizan – 126.3 % and Honey Crisp – 125.4 %). On average, over seven years of tree growth in the garden, the highest yields were given by the VNIISPK varieties Rozhdestvenskoe – 7.8 t/ha, Zdorov’ye – 7.7 t/ha and the American variety Honey Crisp – 5.5 t/ha. Scientific novelty. Over the years of research, on average, it has been revealed that varieties have a high level of leaf resistance after wilting and the ability to quickly restore water content in laboratory conditions – 118.4–128.5 %, the highest in varieties selected by VNIISPK Rozhdestvenskoe (128.5 %) and Orlovskiy Partizan (127.7 %). The varieties selected by VNIISPK Rozhdestvenskoe and Zdorov’ye stood out with the highest average yield over the years of study (2019–2023).
Keywords: drought resistance, cultivars, apple, leaf hydration, productivity
Acknowledgments. The study was carried out with the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation under a subsidy for the implementation of State Task FGZS-2022-0008. The authors thank the reviewers for their contribution to the peer review of this work.
For citation: Galasheva A. M., Ozherelieva Z. E. Assessment of drought resistance, yield of apple tree varieties selected by VNIISPK and introduced varieties. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2024; 24 (12): 1586‒1600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2024-24-12-1586-1600. (In Russ.)
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