E. M. Kot1 , T. Kh. Toguzaev2 , M. Sh. Gazaeva2 , V. V. Kalitskaya3, L. A. Stepanova3
1 Ural State Agrarian University, Ekaterinburg, Russia
2 Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V. M. Kokov, Nalchik, Russia
3 Ural State University of Economics, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Volume 25 No. 2
Date of paper submission: 27.06.2024, date of review: 13.11.2024, date of acceptance: 02.12.2024.
Published: 02/28/2025
Abstract. The growth of global consumption of food and agricultural products is accompanied by a decrease in the growth of new agricultural land and a reduction in the number of people employed in the agricultural sector. These trends are especially noticeable at the national and subregional levels, where many countries face a shortage of agricultural resources and labor. In such conditions, there is a threat of losing competitive positions in the global agricultural market, which may lead to a change in the sectoral structure of the national economy associated with a reduction in the share of agriculture. To maintain sustainable development, it is necessary to look for new resources and develop new models of managing the agricultural sector. One of the key aspects of these changes is the relationship between the basic factors: labor and capital. The purpose of this article is to identify, verify, quantify and interpret the relationship between labor and capital in Russian agriculture in the 2000s. Methods. A set of analytical and statistical methods was used, including index, correlation, regression and graphical analysis. The calculations were carried out using Excel programs and specialized REMOD-IV software adapted to the objectives of the study. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development and application of a systematic approach to the analysis of the relationship between various forms of capital (fixed, circulating and human) and the productivity of the agricultural sector. A methodology is proposed that allows for a quantitative assessment of the processes of labor substitution by capital and their impact on the sustainable development of agriculture. The comprehensive approach integrates economic and social aspects, which contributes to a deeper understanding of the structure of agricultural production. Results. The relationship between labor and capital is defined and formalized, and its quantitative assessment is carried out. Certain provisions of the theory and methodology of factor substitution in agriculture are clarified. The main provisions of the methodology for assessing the substitution of labor by capital in the agricultural sector are developed.
Keywords: agriculture, labor, capital, labor-capital ratio, agricultural efficiency
For citation: Kot E. M., Toguzaev T. Kh., Gazaeva M. Sh., Kalitskaya V. V., Stepanova L. A. The impact of changes in basic factors on the economic efficiency of Russian agriculture. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2025; 25 (02): 303‒318. https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2025-25-02-303-318 (In Russ.)
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