A. P. Poryvaeva, E. O. Kuznetsova, Ya. Yu. Lysova, A. E. Chernitskiy
Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Volume 26 No. 4
Date of paper submission: 13.02.2026, date of review: 26.02.2026, date of acceptance: 02.03.2026.
Published: 04/30/2026
Abstract. The research was carried out at the Ural Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, a structural subdivision of the Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The objects of the study were Holstein cows (n = 60) and their offspring – calves (n = 30). The purpose was to study the dynamics of the antigenic landscape of the lower respiratory tract microbiota in calves born to cows with metabolic disorders of the hepatobiliary system. Methods. Blood and blood serum were examined, as well as bronchoalveolar lavage. The mother cows were divided into 3 groups: animals with normal, stressed, and abnormal liver metabolic profiles. Their offspring were respectively grouped into 3 groups (n = 10 in each). The viability of newborns was assessed on the VIGOR scale, samples of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected on the 1st and 7th. Results. In group I calves, the viability score was 21-27 points, and microbial colonization of the lungs at 1 day of age was transient. The calves of group II had a score on the VIGOR scale ranging from 19 to 22 points. On day 7, the growth of microflora from biological samples was observed in 90 % of cases, with dominance of Escherichia coli (60 %), Aspergillus fumigatus (40 %), Aspergillus flavus (10 %), and Rhizopus spp. (10 %), and with detection of Mycoplasma bovis (70 %) and BVDV (20 %) genomes. In group III calves, the VIGOR vitality score ranged from 11 to 19 points. On day 7, the BAL microbiota was dominated by Enterococcus faecalis (90 %) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (40 %); minor microorganisms included Enterococcus faecium (10 %) and Staphylococcus aureus (10 %). In addition, Staphylococcus epidermidis (10 %), microscopic fungi Penicillium spp. (60 %), Aspergillus fumigatus (40 %), Mucor spp. (10 %), as well as Mycoplasma bovis (80 %) and BVDV (20 %) genomes were isolated. The data obtained expand the understanding of the relationship between the functional and metabolic state of cows in the third trimester and the viability of offspring. Scientific novelty. For the first time, it has been proven that disorders in the hepatobiliary system predispose to infectious diseases in calves.
Keywords: calves, lung microbiota, bronchoalveolar lavage, maternal cows, epithelial barrier
Acknowledgements. The study was carried out within the framework of the state assignment No. 0532-2026-0009.
For citation: Poryvaeva A. P., Kuznetsova E. O., Lysova Ya. Yu., Chernitskiy A. E. Antigenic landscape of bronchoalveolar lavage in calves obtained from maternal cows with different functional liver conditions. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2026; 26 (04): 719‒732. https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2026-26-04-719-732 (In Russ.)
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