A. V. Gulin, O. P. Kigashpaeva, V. Yu. Dzhabrailova
All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable and Melon Growing – Branch of the Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kamyzyak, Astrakhan region, Russia
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Volume 26 No. 4
Date of paper submission: 27.06.2025, date of review: 27.02.2026, date of acceptance: 12.03.2026.
Published: 04/30/2026
Abstract. The creation of new domestic vegetable varieties that contribute to the stable development of agricultural production and meet the growing consumer demand for high-quality products is a pressing task. The purpose of this breeding work was to create new promising varieties of tomato, sweet pepper, and eggplant to expand and improve the assortment of vegetable crops. Methods. The research was conducted at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Irrigated Vegetable and Melon Growing – a branch of the Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences from 2016 to 2022, following generally accepted methodologies. The objects of study were breeding lines and new varieties of tomato, sweet pepper, and eggplant. The cultivation techniques for the studied crops were consistent with those applied under the irrigated conditions of the Astrakhan region. Scientific novelty. For the first time under the conditions of the Astrakhan region, new domestic varieties have been created – the sweet pepper Zarnitsa, the tomato Khors, and the eggplant Astrakhanets. They are characterized by a combination of economically valuable traits: early maturity, high yield, and improved consumer qualities. Results. New vegetable crop varieties have been created: the early-ripening sweet pepper variety Zarnitsa. It forms cone-shaped fruits that change color from yellowish to red as they ripen, reaching an average weight of 145 g. The value of the variety lies in its early ripening, uniform maturity, high yield, and resistance to sunburn. A salad-type tomato variety, Khors, was also bred. It is distinguished by its large, firm, round fruits of an attractive yellow color, with an average weight of 180 g. The advantages of this variety include high yield, dietary qualities, as well as firmness and good keeping quality, which ensures convenience during transportation and storage. The eggplant variety Astrakhanets has elongated-cylindrical fruits with an average weight of 257 g. This new variety will supplement the line of varieties with white flesh and an absence of bitterness in the fruit, which is an important quality for preparing culinary dishes and canned goods and imparts dietary properties. The introduction of these varieties into the practices of farms and personal subsidiary plots will contribute to strengthening the nation’s food security.
Keywords: tomato, sweet pepper, eggplant, breeding, economically valuable traits, donors, selections, varieties
For citation: Gulin A. V., Kigashpaeva O. P., Dzhabrailova V. Yu. Comparative characteristics of innovative vegetable Solanaceous cultivars with high cytogenetic and reproductive potential for irrigated farming in the arid zone of Southern Russia. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2026; 26 (04): 597‒606. https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2026-26-04-597-606 (In Russ.)
Acknowledgements. The study has been carried out with the support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within the framework of the State Assignment for the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (topic No. FNMW-2022–0013).
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