D. V. Mitrofanov
Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
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Volume 25 No. 5
Date of paper submission: 28.10.2024, date of review: 27.01.2025, date of acceptance: 21.03.2025.
Published: 05/31/2025
Abstract. The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of agro-climatic conditions, the amount of productive moisture, nutrients and precursors on the yield of peas. Research methods: agrometeorological observations, field experiment, Machigin, thermostatic, weight, ionometric, grain yield calculations, dispersion, multiple regression. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the assessment revealed the dependence of pea yields on soil and climatic conditions and previous crop rotation in the steppe chernozems of the Orenburg region. Results. The results are processed in the work (2002–2022): air temperature (air) in may-august – 16.2–22.8 °С; precipitation (atmospheric) – 21.7–42.7 mm; number of dry days (air humidity 30 % or less) – 14–18; hydrothermal coefficient of G. T. Selyaninov – 0.09–0.19; the level of productive moisture in the soil during the period of determination – 32.2–137.9 mm, N-NO3 – on a fertilized background of nutrition 55–101 mg and on a non–fertilized background – 45–76 mg, P2 O5 – 52–63 and 37–46 mg, K2 O – 367–500 and 329–425 mg/kg; yield – 0.65–0.87 and 0.60–0.83 t/ha; addition of pea grain – 0.01–0.06 t/ha respectively. As a result of the observations, an increase in pea yield (0.83–0.87 t/ha) was revealed on nutrition backgrounds in the grain-pair crop rotation with summer sowing of Sudanese grass, depending on the influence (27.52–22.53 %, r = 0.52…0.47, p = 0.014…0.029) of june precipitation and mineral fertilizers. The shortage of precipitation in june significantly affects (47.32– 54.79 %, r = 0.69…0.74, p = 0.001) a decrease in the yield of pea grains (0.60–0.65 t/ha) on the nutrition backgrounds of durum wheat in the grain crop rotation. In the experimental variants, a significant effect of arid weather conditions, GTC (20.03–43.57 %), productive moisture (17.53–28.14 %), nitrate nitrogen (24.34–39.58 %) on the formation of pea yields (0.60–0.77 t/ha) in crop rotations was established. Air temperature (May, July, August), precipitation (May, August), number of dry days (August), moisture (before harvesting), nitrate nitrogen (after sowing), mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium do not have an effective effect on peas.
Keywords: precipitation, air temperature, number of dry wind days, productive moisture, nutrients, yield, grain increase, peas, predecessor, crop rotation
Acknowledgements. The research was carried out within the framework of the state assignment in accordance with the thematic plan of research work for 2024–2030. FSSI FRC BST RAS (No. FNWZ-2022-0014).
For citation: Mitrofanov D. V. The influence of weather conditions, productive moisture and mineral fertilizers on the yield of peas in crop rotations. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2025; 25 (05): 715‒727. https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2025-25-05-715-727 (In Russ.)
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