N. I. Devterova, O. A. Blagopoluchnaya, N. I. Mamsirov
Maykop State Technological University, Maykop, Russia
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Volume 25 No. 6
Date of paper submission: 20.09.2024, date of review: 08.04.2025, date of acceptance: 15.04.2025.
Published: 06/30/2025
Abstract. A retrospective review of the use of mineral and organic fertilizers in the Republic of Adygea (RA) is given, the statistics of soil fertility indicators and the importance of fertilizers in increasing crop yields are shown. The purpose of the research was to develop and introduce into production methods for cultivating grain and row crops, combining methods of tillage of varying intensity, types and rates of fertilizer application, taking into account the changing climate and soil fertility. Scientific novelty. The issues of application of fertilizers and tillage in short- and long-term experiments are highlighted. The results of research on the development of effective methods of cultivating crops in short-turn crop rotations are presented. Methods. The following factors were studied: biological (sealing of grain straw, sowing of rapeseed for siderate); agrotechnical (preferential use of treatments without reservoir turnover; reduction of the rate of basic total fertilizer by 25–30 %); agrochemical (the use of nitrogen for basic application, for winter crops in autumn, fertilizers in which the amount of nitrogen kg/ha per day does not exceed 30, and phosphates in the chemical composition act for a long period; for row crops and legumes, in spring: the use of fertilizers in which, when adjusting the application doses, increases the amount of available forms of nitrogen and phosphates are formed, which are quickly absorbed by plants). Results. The use of the studied and identified effective cultivation methods contributed to the stabilization of acidity indicators (5.0 → 5.25; 4.95 → 5.08 mg/eq per 100 g) an increase in the humus content during surface treatment in a layer of 12–16 cm from 4.21 to 4.24 %, a decrease in the humus content during plowing from 4.24 to 4.18 %, (dynamics of changes in humus indicators in one security group), an increase in the content of humic ammonia form of mineral nitrogen in spring (3.2 → 7.1; 3.3 → 9.7 mg/kg of soil); increased yields from 1 ha of arable land in variants with straw embedding up to 5.5 c (grain units) and with rapeseed seeds per siderate up to 5.8 c (compared with the control).
Keywords: compact chernozem, tillage, fused chernozem, tillage, fertility, nutrition elements, mineral fertilizers, doses and application rates, cultivation methods, sealing methods, biological products, crop rotation, yield
For citation: Devterova N. I., Blagopoluchnaya О. А., Mamsirov N. I. Оptimization of cultivation methods of field crops in modern conditions (a review). Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2025; 25 (06): 853‒863. https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2025-25-06-853-863 (In Russ.)
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