Authors: O. V. Mochalova, D. A. Gusev
Federal Altaic Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology, Barnaul, Russia E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract. This research is aimed at studying of the chromosomal number distribution within the new, in vitro cultured, amitotic clonal lines of Prunus species, at comparing of the fertility and size of pollen for triploid and hexaploid amitotic clones and at identifying of new genetic sources and their subsequent use in breeding. Methods. The standard cytological and statistical methods were used in this scientific work. Results. The regularities of induced polyploids output both from the initial number of chromosomes and from the origin and individual characteristics of the original genotypes were established. For amitotic hexaploid genotypes of hybrid cherry, high pollen quality was discovered at the level of 81,8–92,6 % of fertility (in triploids the 4,6–18,8 % of such pollen was found), therefore, the studied 4 clonal cherry genotypes (12-1-1Т2, 12-1-1Т6, 12-1-2Т3, 12-1-2Тv) are recommended for breeding of resistant to fungal diseases varieties. No significant differences were found in the diameter of fertile pollen (46.3–47.8 µm) between cherry amitotic triploids and hexaploids. Therefore, in all likelihood, fertile pollen in triploids carries an unreduced triploid set of chromosomes. Prime scientific novelty. A completely new and original selection material for the genus Prunus L. – polyploid hybrids of P. fruricosa Pall. with rare East-Asiatic cherry species P. serrulata Lindl., P. canescens Bois., P. incisa. Thoub. were studied. The arguments in favor of a positive breeding prospect for the transfer of new cherries varieties to the hexaploid level (2n = 48), including an in vitro culture method of chromosome number doubling for the sterile triploid interspecific hybrids, have been obtained. The first created tetraploid (2n = 32) amitotic clonal lines of microcherry P. pumila L. must be tested in crosses with thorns and hybrids of thorns.
Keywords: Prunus L., hybrid, polyploid, clonal line, in vitro, chromosomal number, pollen fertility, pollen size, genetic sources, breeding.
For citation: Mochalova O. V., Gusev D. A. Novyye geneticheskiye istochniki dlya selektsii vidov Prunus L. na poliploidnom urovne [New genetic sources for breeding of Prunus L. species on polyploid level] // Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2019. No. 11 (190). Pp. 44‒51. DOI: 10.32417/article_5dcd861e717239.90752448. (In Russian.)
