Authors: I. N. KRUPSKIY, applicant, M. Yu. KARPUKHIN, candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor, Ural State Agrarian University (42 K. Liebknekhta Str., 620075, Ekaterinburg)
Keywords: seed potatoes, planting material, cultivation technology, comparative analysis, phenology, biometrics, yield, product quality.
Abstract: Potatoes is a culture of diverse use, is used for food, feed and technical purposes. According to FAO (2000), about 60 % of the potatoes produced in the world are used in fresh or processed form for human nutrition, about 15 % for animal feed, about 5 % for processing for industrial purposes, 11 % for planting. The development of adaptive potato cultivation technology will help manufacturers understand what technology should be emphasized, in order to increase production profitability due to high yields and a high percentage of tubers marketability. The presented article presents data on the comparative analysis of modern technologies for the cultivation of seed potatoes. Based on field experiments, it was established that the onset of phenological phases and the duration of interphase periods in potato plants grown for seed purposes were practically independent of the cul- tivation technologies used in the experiment. It should be noted a slight delay in the onset of phenological phases for 1–2 days in the variant with the use of complex aggregate. The number of stems on one potato plant when using different technologies of its cultivation varied from 5 to 7 pieces. The smallest number of stems had ridge technologies with planting in three and four lines, the difference was 1–2 pcs. Plant height ranged from 46 to 48 cm and practically did not depend on the technology used. It should be noted that potato plants were higher in all modifications of the row planting technology by 2 cm. The number and length of leaves on the potato plant varied in a fairly wide range from 12 to 17 pieces and from 8 to 14 cm, respectively, which is explained by the response of plants to the plants created using different technology conditions. The yield of tubers of seed potatoes using different technologies of its cultivation varied from 18 to 21 t/ha and practically did not depend on the op- tions of experience. It should be noted that the yield increase by 0.5–2.7 t/ha in the variant with the use of the ridge technology with planting in three lines, as compared with the control and other variants. The marketability of tubers on the options was quite high and ranged from 88 to 93 %. The optimal mass of planting tubers was obtained in the variant with the use of ridge technology with planting in three lines. However, the difference in options did not exceed 5 %. Thus, for industrial production of potatoes, all technologies studied in experience are recommended, depending on the financial capacity of the agricultural producer and the intended use of the products obtained.
Download the full text of the article
