Authors: A. D. SHUSHARIN, doctor of veterinary sciences, professor, S. G. SAIKO, candidate of veterinary sciences, professor, N. V. SADOVNIKOV, doctor of veterinary sciences, professor, Ural State Agrarian University (42 K. Liebknekhta Str., 620075, Ekaterinburg)
Keywords: technogenic pollution, highly productive cows, pregnancy, blood, lymphocytes, leukocytes, thyroxine, triio- dothyronine.
Abstract: One of the main tasks of the agricultural science and practice is the provision of the Russian population with high-quality livestock products. However, the state of health of productive animals has recently changed dramatically, especially in the in- dustrial areas of this country. Absorption of heavy metals and radionuclides by animal food and water and their accumulation in tissues and organs is accompanied by increased levels of ecotoxins in the blood which is one of the triggers for pathological changes in organs and systems of the body. The purpose of this study is the investigation of the immunological reactions of the blood and the level of thyroid hormones in cows in the conditions of technogenic pollution. The research was carried out on the farms of Beloyarsky and Sysertsky Districts of Sverdlovsk Region which are located in areas with different levels of anthropogenic stress. Beloyarsky District is characterized by high content of zinc, iron in animals, low content of copper and sometimes high content of lead in feeds and animal bodies. The article makes the reference of ecologically safe zone of the economy of Sysertsky District, the territory of which has no industrial enterprises. Blood samples for tests were taken from clinically healthy, highly productive cows of the third and fourth lactation and with a five-month pregnancy. The number of lymphocytes, the concentration of the main serum immunoglobulins, phagocytic activity of leukocytes, the number of free thyroid hormones were determined in peripheral blood. Studies have shown that the immunological reaction and the functional state of the thyroid gland of the animal in various environmental areas have a significant difference. Perhaps the difference in the amount of thyroid hormones is due to the fact that Sysertsky District is conditionally Chita region of the Sverdlovsk region. The results of the study can be recommended as an early preliminary stage in the diagnosis of immunopathology.
