Authors: A. A. KONISHCHEV, candidate of technical sciences, senior researcher, I. I. GARIFULLIN, junior researcher, Ivanovo branch of the Upper Volga Federal Agricultural Research Center (2 Tsentralnaya Str., 153506, Ivanovo region, Ivanovo district, Bogorodskoye village; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.), E. N. KONISHCHEVA, candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor, Ivanovo State Agricultural Academy named after academician D. K. Belyaev (45 Sovetskaya Str., 153012, Ivanovo)
Keywords: costs of soil treatment, sowing, mineral fertilizers, plant protection products, profitability of production, grain yield.
Abstract: An article-by-article analysis of the costs of growing crops shows that the nature of the costs over the past twenty years has not changed. Due to the uneven rise in the cost of consumables necessary for the production of grain, the first place on the costs alternately out the costs of sowing, fertilizers, plant protection, cleaning and maintenance of equipment. And only then there are the cost of fuel and lubricants. Depending on the region and the level of intensity of the technology it make up 5-19% of the total cost. And the cost of fuel directly to the main tillage in all cases is less than half of their total value. Therefore, the transition to minimized tillage technologies only in order to reduce the cost of fuel often does not lead to an increase in the profitability of production. Especially when you consider that the transition to minimized processing require an increase in the consumption of fertilizers and plant protection products. The greatest impact on productivity, and, consequently, on the profitability of production have annual fluctuations in yield (caused by natural factors), leading to changes in purchase prices for grain. With the same initial investments in production, depending on the weather conditions of the growing season, you can get both a loss and a high profit. With low soil moisture during the growing season promising minimum processing, with high moisture - plowing. It is impossible to change this pattern by only switching to more intensive methods of production. While with the help of tillage it is possible to influence the yield under different humidification regime. To do this, it is advisable to switch to volume-heterogeneous processing.
