Authors: F. KЕITA, graduate student, M. Yu. KARPUKHIN, candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor, Ural State Agrarian University (42 K. Liebknekhta Str., 620075, Ekaterinburg)
Keywords: potatoes, area of food, phenology, biometrics, productivity, field experiment, black soil, salted, heavily loamy, educational-experimental farm.
Abstract: Potato is the fourth most important potato in the world after corn, rice and wheat. In Russia its value is even greater. Potato production in the world is characterized by a significant increase in acreage, increased yields and a significant increase in the gross harvest of this crop. To increase the yield and quality of the products, it is important to optimize the area of potato nutrition. The formation of vegetative organs of this plant depending on the variety is individual and to determine the optimal it is necessary to conduct field experiments with different varieties of potatoes. According to the results of scientific research it was found that the potato yield, depending on the area of nutrition, varied from 15.7 to 19.8 t/ha, and it was higher in the first version (70×20) by 0.8–2.1 t/ha compared to the control and other options, and the difference was mathematically significant at НСР05 = 1.3 t/ha. The increase in the area of food contributed to the increase in marketability of tubers. Use of the area of supply of potatoes 70×20 cm increases the yield of potatoes by reducing the marketability of the tubers. The use of planting scheme 70×30 increases the overall yield and marketability of potatoes. Phenological data, options 70×35 and 70×40 give early germination, early phase of budding and flowering from 1–7 days earlier in comparison with the control variant. According to biometric data, the largest number of leaves is observed in the control variant 70×30, and the smallest number in the vari- ant 70×20. The largest foliage of all variants in the experiment was marked on July 19. Further, the number of leaves begins to decline, due to the drying of old leaves and the end of the growing season. The greatest result of the yield was obtained in variant 70×20 was 19.8 t/ha. In comparison with the control variant 2.1 t/ha more. Potato tubers have high marketability in the 70×40 variant, where the result is 93 %. To increase the yield and profitability of potato production, depending on the area of nutrition, we recommend using a potato planting scheme 70×30, as based on economic calculations, 43.7 % turned out to be the most profitable.
