Authors: O. V. GORELIK, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, Ural State Agrarian University (42 K. Liebknekhta Str., 620075, Ekaterinburg),
Z. S. SANOVA, candidate of agricultural sciences, Kaluga research institute of agriculture (2 Central Str., 249142, rural settlement Kaluzhskaya experimental agricultural station, Peremyshlsky district, Kaluga region),
N. А. FEDOSEEVA, candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor,
R. A. KAMALOV, doctor of veterinary sciences, professor,
O. L. SOYNOVA, candidate of biological sciences, associate professor, Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University (50 highway Enthusiastov, 143907, Balashikha, Moscow region)
Keywords: the exterior of the udder malformations of the udder, robotic, cows, breed.
Abstract. Automated milking system-one of the latest developments, combining the latest technology of machine milking, veterinary requirements and a special approach to the process. The use of automated systems allows not only to increase the daily milk yield, but also to preserve the health and long-term productivity of cows. The aim of the research was a comprehensive study of the main morphological features of the udder exterior characterizing the suitability of cows for robotic milking. The mor- phological assessment of the udder exterior was carried out in cows (n=138 heads) used in the robotic milking unit of Delaval company, in one of the breeding farms of the Kaluga region. According to the results of the studies, it was found that when milk- ing cows on a robotic installation, animals with a low attachment of the anterior lobes than the posterior ones, with additional nipples, close nipples, thin less than 5 mm, with a goat udder shape are not suitable. Not all animals are suitable for robotic technology, from 3 to 10 % of cows are culled when forming a herd. Uneven development of individual quarters of the ud- der, undesirable structure of the nipples, small sphincter extensibility can have an impact on reducing the rate of cow milking. The greater the difference between the development of individual shares of the udder, the higher the proportion of unproductive time spent at milking, the more it is spent on milking 1 kg of milk. These defects and shortcomings of the exterior of the udder cows in the herd of black-and-white breed adversely affect the process of connecting the sleeves to the nipples of the udder, as a result of the connection time in some cases reaches 2 or more minutes.
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