Authors:
O. G. PETROVA, doctor of veterinary sciences, professor,
M. I. BARASHKIN, doctor of veterinary sciences, professor,
I. M. MILLSTEIN, candidate of veterinary sciences, associate professor,
Ural State Agrarian University (42 K. Liebknekhta str., Ekaterinburg, 620075).
Abstract. In the Sverdlovsk region annually recover, according to official data of veterinary reporting lung disease on average more than 85 thousand heads of young cattle. For 2008–2018 years 6897 cases of lung diseases with the diagnosis of infectious pathology were registered, and on diagnostic materials 857 cases (data of regional veterinary laboratory, Yekaterinburg). Of this number, the dominant role belongs to – Pasterella (14.28 %), IRT (5.46 %), VD–BS (3.4 %), PG (3–3.36 %), Chlamydia (1.42 %). The rest of the pathology is gastrointestinal diseases (52.98 %) and non–communicable diseases (19.1 %). Diseases of lungs of infectious etiology often take the character of epizootics and therefore represent a problem for animal husbandry, and are widespread in the agricultural enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region. Diseases of the respiratory tract of infectious etiology are the most common and are one of the leading causes of death of animals. They remain the only type of pathology, the death from which not only does not decrease, but also continues to grow. According to forecasts veterinary specialists by 2020, diseases of the respiratory system will be included in the top three in terms of death of animals. Of course, regional variations in the prevalence of diseases of the respiratory tract are associated with climatic differences, features of animal breeding technology, the trouble of the agricultural enterprise for viral and bacterial diseases (infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea–mucosal disease, parainfluenza type 3, pasteurellosis, chlamydia, etc.). However, to explain the diversity in the breadth of the prevalence of respiratory diseases only listed circumstances is hardly possible. The difficulty of interpretation of the available data is largely related to the methodological problems arising in the analysis of the results of epizootological studies. First of all, it should be noted that the understanding of the nature of lung diseases has changed over the past decade, which is accompanied by a revi- sion of the definitions of the disease, and, accordingly, diagnostic criteria. Several works have been carried out abroad, which have convincingly shown the variability of the indicator of the prevalence of lung diseases in the same economy, depending on the diagnostic criteria used.
Keywords: cattle, diseases of lungs of an infectious etiology, infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea-disease of mucous membranes, parainfluenza type 3, pasteurellosis,chlamydia, prevention, socio-economic and environmental problems, diagnosis.
Download the full text of the article.
