Authors:
M. Yu. KARPUKHIN, candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor,
A. V. ABRAMCHUK, candidate of biological sciences, associate professor,
S. E. SAPARKLYCHEVA, candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor,
Ural State Agrarian University (42 K. Liebknehta str., 620075, Ekaterinburg).
Abstract.The natural reserves of many wild medicinal plants are reduced from year to year due to irrational use of medicinal plants. The creation of industrial plantations is becoming topical. The most popular and widely used plants, both in official and in folk medicine, belong to St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). Experience was laid in 2013 in the Uralets educational and experimental farm, on the collection plot of medicinal plants of the UrSAU. The scheme of the experiment includes four options: 1) St. John’s wort (control – wild species); 2) variety Zolotodolinsky; 3) variety Aibolit; 4) variety Solnechny. In the experiment, the Aibolit variety provided a stably high productivity, the increase in yields by years of study (in comparison with the control) ranged from 43.0 % to 54.7 %. The Zolotodolinsky variety produced rather high productivity, deviations from control ranged from 25.6 % to 42.1 %. Less effective was the variety Solnechny, the yield of medicinal raw materials was 25.6–38.4 % lower than that of Aibolit. The maximum productivity for all years of observations was obtained in 2016: Zolotodolinsky – 13.5 t / ha; Aibolit – 14,7 t / ha; Solnechny – 12,9 t / ha. In the fifth year of the study (2017), there was a noticeable decrease in the productivity of aboveground biomass in all the studied variants: the projective cover decreased (80–85 %), later and slower growth of plants in the spring period, slowed the rate of apical plant growth (0.87 cm / day – control, 1.1 cm / day – variety Aibolit).
Keywords: St. John’s wort, varieties: Aibolit, Zolotodolinsky, Solnechny, structure and productivity of aboveground biomass.
