Authors:
S. M. DJIBILOV, candidate of technical sciences, head of laboratory,
L. R. GULUYEVA, leading designer of laboratory,
Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1 Williams str., 362002, v. Mikhailovskoye, Suburban district, North Ossetia – Alania; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.).
Abstract. The authors presented the results of scientific research, on the basis of which the prototype of a seeder was designed and created, which makes it possible to increase the productivity of mountain fodder lands. The aim of the work is to develop and create a prototype of a seeder for sowing grass mixtures on slope meadows and pastures of the mountainous zone of the North Caucasus, ensuring the restoration of the projective covering of the grass stand, achieving productivity growth and environmental sustainability of agrophytocenoses, and increasing labor productivity and profitability of grassland management. The subject of the study are changeable working organs: sowing machines, pendular scatter cones, transfer mechanisms. The novelty of the technical solution consists in the fact that for the first time a seeding machine has been created for targeted sowing of grass mixtures on slope meadows and pastures of the mountainous zone of the North Caucasus, which allows the simultaneous sowing of several types of grasses. Seeder studies were carried out on the basis of the workshop of the mechanization group of the North Caucasian Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture (SKNIIGPSK) and in a high-altitude experimental plot in the village of Dargavs of the Prigorodny District of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania on an area of 300 m2. When creating a pre-production model of seeders for targeted sowing of grass mixtures, the authors’ developments are used and combined: patent of the Russian Federation No. 2415538 «Method for sowing grass seeds», patent of the Russian Federation No. 2463762, «Pendulum sowing machine with air flow», patent of the Russian Federation No. 2431248 «Method for improving mountain meadows and pastures». The result of the technical solution is a reduction in the costs of seed in comparison with manual sowing, an increase in the uniformity of seed distribution over the area, improvement of the grass stand in damaged areas, and as a result of improvement, an increase in the yield and quality of feed. It has been established that the organization of legume and cereal pastures on sloping lands makes it possible to optimize meadow and field forage production, to solve the problem of fodder protein, to improve the herd, to reduce the cost of milk, to stop the degradation of erosion-hazardous lands and to improve the habitat of the population of the mountain zone.
Keywords: slopes, pastures, mountains, seeders, grass mixtures, surface improvement.
