Authors:
G. Yu. UPADYSHEVA, candidate of agricultural sciences, senior researcher,
All-Russian Horticultural Institute of Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery (4 Zagorievskaja st., 115598, Moscow; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.).
Abstract. Since 2008 in conditions of Lenin area of the Moscow area carried out the researches directed on revealing optimum on efficiency and durability variety-rootstock combinations of an apricot. The skilled garden has been incorporated on laboratory site FSBSI ARHIBAN under the circuit of planting 5×2.5 m. Soil of skilled sites – sward-podzolic, average mechanical structure, with the humusness – 2.8–2.9 %. Studied combinations growth and efficiency of trees 15 variety-rootstock combinations. The urgency of work is connected with to necessity of increase in manufacture of fruits near to the consumer for the decision of a problem of import substitution due to expansion of assortment fruitcultures and development of effective technologies of their cultivation The most winter-hardy varieties and the rootstocks deduced conditions of severe climate have been included in researches. It is established, that development, efficiency and durability trees are influenced with variety, rootstocks and degree of their compatibility. Amplification of linear and radial growth is marked on seedling rootstock and clonal rootstock 13-113, reduction of height on 20–30 % – on SVG-11-19 and 140-1. Of 10–14 kg/trees are revealed optimum variety-rootstock combinations with efficiency: Samarskiy on OD-2-3 and on 13-113, Lel on OD-2-3, Grafinya on OD-2-3. Cultivation of them has provided increase of yield up to 9–11.2 t/ha, that in 1.4–2 times it is more, than at combinations with use of seedling rootstock P. cerasifera. Rootstocks 140-1 and SVG-11-19 have shown the slowed down incompatibility with varieties Lel and Grafinya that has brought to ruin more than 50 % of trees in the age of till 8 years. The variety Samarskiy had good compatibility with all rootstocks. The most durable appeared trees variety-rootstock combinations Samarskiy on seedling rootstock and OD-2-3, Lel on 13-113 both OD-2-3 and Grafinya on OD-2-3 (more than 80 %). On a complex of economic valuable attributes the most perspective for cultivation in the Central region of Russia are variety-rootstock combinations: Samarskiy on OD-2-3 and on 13-113, Lel and Grafinya on OD-2-3.
Keywords: apricot, variety, clonal rootstock, variety-rootstock combinations, growth, tree, efficiency, fruit, yield, incompatibility.
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