Authors:
S. K. MINGALEV, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, head of chair,
E. S. TYUTENOV, post-graduate student,
Ural State Agrarian University (42 K. Libknehta Str., 620075, Ekaterinburg).
Abstract. The studies were carried out in a three-factor field experiment with the following scheme. Factor A: potato grades: 1) Lighthouse, 2) Lux, 3) Irbit, 4) Zekura, 5) Ditta, 6) Gala; factor B: time of landing: 1) May 10, 2) May 20, 3) May 30; factor C: density of planting, thousand tubers per hectare: 1) 45, 2) 55. In an arid with an uneven distribution of precipitation during the vegetation in 2016, all varieties have yielded tubers at a level of 35.0–49.3 t/ha. The highest yield of 57.6 t/ha was obtained in the Irbitsky sort by planting on May 20 and the density of 55 thousand plants per hectare, and the smallest (29.1 t/ha) in the Mayak grade of the first term and the density of 45 thousand / ha. The reaction of potato varieties to the planting period was expressed by an increase in yield when planted on May 20 on average compared to the early period (May 10) by 5.6 and late (May 30) by 9.6 t/ha, or by 13.7 and 26.0 % respectively. The increase in the density of planting from 45 to 55 thousand plants per hectare was manifested by an increase in the yield of tubers by 11.5 %. The increase in the yield of potato varieties of the second planting period (May 20) was obtained due to a significant increase in the mass of tubers per plant, in comparison with the first and third terms on average by 14.3–26.4 %. The increase in the density of planting by 10 thousand pieces/ha was ambiguous in terms of the effect on the weight of the tubers in the nest on the time of planting. The largest number of tubers in the bush formed a variety of foreign selection Gala at a density of 55 thousand/ha, which was equal to the landing of May 10 – 8.6; May 20 – 9.4; May 30 – 10.5 or an average of 9.5 pieces/plant.
Keywords: potato, variety, term and density of planting, productivity and yield structure, quality.
