Authors:
M. YU. KARPUKHIN,
candidate of agricultural sciences, associate professor, head of department, A. V. YURINA,
doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, Ural State Agrarian University (42 K. Libknehta Str., 620075, Ekaterinburg)
Abstract. Selection and seed farming of vegetable cultures are the not only applied science using achievements of genetics, phytopa- thology, biotechnology but also a profitable field of activity on production of seeds in spite of the fact that grades are created for years (5–7 years). An important task of seed farming is maintaining genotypic identity of grades, maintenance of genetic structure of heterogeneity. Realization of this task requires deep studying of population structure to determine number of bio- types, their efficiency, and ecological stability. In the protected soil the cucumber is presented by generally geterozis hybrids. Use of effect of a geterozis or the “hybrid force” which is shown in more powerful development of many farming-valuable signs in posterity of F1 is one of methods of increase in productive properties of plants. At department of vegetable growing and fruit growing of professor N. F. Konyaev work on selection of new hybrids of a cucumber is conducted since 2004. By results of the carried-out selection works as the staff of department modern competitive geterozis hybrids of a cucumber of F1 Istok, F1 Athlete, F1 Uralochka, F1 Kolyan which is in great demand for agricultural producers and the population are removed. Since 2015 selection of a cucumber is conducted together with NPF Agrosemtoms, Kirov and Ilyinichna agricultural firm, Moscow. Test of new hybrids since 2004 is passed on the basis of a hothouse complex in educational-experimental farm of Ural SAU in soil greenhouses and since 2016 at basic department in ultramodern hothouse plant JSC Teplichnoye on small- volume hydroponics. In the real work researches on selection of a cucumber on the basis of modern methods of selection and achievements of domestic selectors for conditions of the Urals which climate is characterized by sharp fluctuations of tem- perature and the short warm period — 60–80 days are offered. In nursery of initial material 382 selection examples of various origin are studied (including modern hybrids), mainly female form, from them 10 best inbreeding-lines fruitful, with not bitter fruits, steady against adverse factors are allocated. In selection nursery over 1200 crossings are made, hybridization is carried out and it is received 3 geterozis of a hybrid for preliminary test: G-150, G-280, G-340. In control nursery of preliminary test assessment of two new hybrids is carried out: G-271 and G-273.
Keywords: cucumber, breeding, seed production, geterozis hybrids, hybridization, spring greenhouses, yield, phenology, biometrics, biochemical composition.
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