Authors:
A. S. FILIPPOV,
candidate of agricultural sciences, leading research associate,
V. V. NEMCHENKO, doctor of agricultural sciences, professor, chief researcher,
Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture (9 Lenina Str., 641325, Sadovoe, Kurgan region)
Abstract. The use of herbicides is the primary means of controlling weeds in the cultivation of spring wheat, but the herbicides reducing the weed infestation of crops have some phytotoxic effect on protected culture that can lead to loss of grain yield. To reduce this negative impact on cultivated plants drugs with anti-stress effect (antidotes) can be used, some of which are humates. To assess the effectiveness of the joint application of humic preparations and herbicides for 5 years were carried out field experiments. Experienced drug Humimax and herbicides on the basis of different active substances against broadleaf weeds. The results showed that significant changes in biological effectiveness of herbicides when used in tank mix with Humimax not happening, also not observed significant influence of humate on the content of gluten in the grain. Thus was obtained an additional increase of productivity by using humic preparation in comparison with the use of herbicides without Humimax. Received on average over the 2011–2015 gains of grain from the application of Humimax ranged between 0.4 and 1.2 c/ha and was mathematically accurate, except for the option of herbicide Laren Pro (on the basis of sulfonylureas). A trend was observed the greatest increase in productivity in a joint application Humimax with the herbicide Elant premium (based on ether 2.4-D and dicamba). Evaluating results of researching in sharply contrasting years in terms of moisture, it may be noted that gains of grain from Humimax in bad years was more significant, reaching 21–35% compared to the yield in the control variant. Calculation of economic efficiency showed that at a relatively low cost of Humimax at a rate of 0.5 l/ha its use in combination with herbicides based on 2.4-D and dicamba – efficient and cost-effective technique, especially in adverse and even extreme conditions of vegetation.
Keywords: spring wheat, broadleaf weeds, selective herbicides, the phytotoxicity of the herbicides, humic drug, antidote, grain yield, gluten content.
