Authors:
N. V. STEPNYKH, candidate of economic sciences, leading researcher
Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture (9 Lenina Str., 641325, Sadovoe, Kurgan region)
Abstract. The performance dates of field work is essential in preserving the harvest as well as in the economic results of production. Of fundamental importance are the sowing date, from which performance depends on the timeliness of all subsequent work. The available resources do not allow them to perform work at the optimum time, when specialization of production, when grown only one crop – spring wheat. In the Kurgan region in structure of sown grain crops occupied 83 % of the wheat crops is 82 %. Many enterprises wheat is the only crop in the production, which reduces its stability, efficiency and competitiveness, and this is due to several factors. The reserve time is increased in early sowing time. Shortages of equipment and workers, especially in adverse weather conditions, to make technology possible by changing cropping patterns, introducing culture with the other terms of field work, thereby increasing the load of arable land for equipment and personnel. The research, examples of modern enterprises, experience in agriculture shows the possibility of changing crop patterns, increasing the share of winter crops (rye and wheat), sunflower, corn and other crops, which will increase the load on the equipment, its performance is timely and qualitatively to carry out field work. The greatest production efficiency (profit of 67.3 million rub., profitability 84 %) was obtained in an embodiment in structure of arable land of which 10 % is for sunflower, then profitability going without grain-fallow crop rotation of winter crops and winter crops (profitability 70–72 %). Permanent wheat on the profitability of inferior grain-fallow crop rotations (64 %). The option in which 20 % occupied by rye, because of its low price has the lowest profitability (46 %), however, with the advent of varieties with low rentability the demand for corn and thus the price may increase.
Keywords: terms of field work, resources, structure of crops, winter wheat, rye, sunflower, efficiency.
