Authors:
A. D. RESHETNIKOV, doctor of veterinary sciences, professor, chief research associate,
A. I. BARASHKOVA, candidate of biological sciences, senior research associate,
Yakut Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture named after M. G. Safronov (23/1 Bestuzheva-Marlinskogo Str., 677001, Yakutsk)
Abstract. Mosquitoes and imago of subcutaneous and nasopharyngeal gadflies of reindeer are dominant in the complex of midges in the tundra zone. The composition of the midges varies in the taiga zone, except for females of mosquitoes and gadflies, the reindeer are injured by flies, zoophilic flies, midges and biting midges, however mosquitoes are also dominant. The purpose of this work was to determine the effectiveness of the protective action of deltamethrin by ultra-low volume spraying and the comparative economic effect of protecting deer from midges in the taiga and tundra zones of Yakutia. The work is carried out on the example of tundra and taiga reindeer herding. In the tundra zone during the mass flight, the number of mosquitoes attacking a deer is from 4000 to 6000 per record, and in the taiga zone in the conditions of Gorny District – from 400 to 600 individuals. The effectiveness of the protective action of a 0.05 % aqueous emulsion of deltamethrin with ultra-low volume spraying according to active substance at a rate of 7 of aqueous emulsion on 1 deer does not depend on the reindeer breeding zone: tundra or taiga. Satisfactory protection of deer herd from midges with a protective action coefficient (PAC) of 75 % in the first and second zones lasts for 6 hours. The prime cost of ultra-low volume spraying of deer herds in the tundra and taiga zones during the flying season and attacking of blood-sucking mosquitoes, taking into account the wages of the veterinarian and the costs (for the preparation, the aerosol generator, other direct and overhead costs) do not differ and amount to 65.3 thousand rubles, the loss from the die-off of deer in the first zone is 1940.84 thousand rubles, and in the second the die-offs are not observed. The annual economic effect of protecting the ultra-low volume spraying of deer from the midges is 1875.49 thousand rubles in the tundra zone, the economic effect per 1 ruble of costs is 28.7 rubles, in the taiga zone the effect is minimal compared to the tundra zone.
Keywords: domestic reindeer, blood-sucking mosquitoes, nasopharyngeal and subcutaneous reindeer gadflies, ultra-low volume spraying (ULVS), effectiveness of protective action, economic effect, taiga and tundra zones.
