Authors:
I. A. RYBAS, research associate
A. V. GUREEVA, candidate of agricultural sciences, academic secretary,
D. M. MARCHENKO, candidate of agricultural sciences, head of the department,
T. A. GRICHANIKOVA, leading researcher,
I. V. ROMANYUKINA, senior researcher,
Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (3 Nauchnyi Gorodok, 347740, Zernograd)
Abstract. In the southern part of the Rostov region 13 varieties of winter soft wheat have been studied according to such forecrops as peas and sunflower. During the years of study (2014–2016) the average productivity of winter soft wheat varieties varied from 53.0 to 69.4 c/ha (the varieties ‘Ermak’ and ‘Lidiya’ respectively), and its variability largely depended on the forecrops. The productivity of the varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Volny Don’ and ‘Zhavoronok’ grown after peas was on 2.0–2.8 c/ha higher than the standard variety with the average yield of 0.9–1.7 c/ha. The productivity of the varieties ‘Lidiya’, ‘Lilit’ and ‘Volny Don’ grown after sunflower was on 5.4–10.6 c/ha higher than the standard variety with the average yield of 1.3–6.5 c/ha. The factor ‘year’ produced its largest effect on the change of productivity (58.2%), then the interaction of the factors ‘forecrop–year’ (21.6%), then the factor ‘forecrop’ (7,3%), that allowed determining the parameters of adaptability. The varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Volnitsa’ and ‘Zhavoronok’ grown after peas and the varieties ‘Lidiya’, ‘Volny Don’ grown after sunflower belong to the varieties with high indexes of homeostasis and low coefficients of variability. The varieties ‘Lidiya’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Volnitsa’, ‘Volny Don’ and ‘Zhavoronok’ grown after peas turned to be genetically flexible genotypes. The varieties ‘Don 107’, ‘Lidiya’, ‘Volnitsa’ and ‘Zhavoronok’ turned to be stress resistant. The varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Krasa Dona’ and ‘Volny Don’ turned to be highly responsive. The varieties ‘Don 107’, ‘Lidiya’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Volnitsa’ and ‘Zhavoronok’ showed their plasticity and adaptability. The varieties ‘Lilit’, ‘Volnitsa’ and ‘Zhavoronok’ grown after peas have been selected according to the complex of the parameters of adaptability and productivity. The varieties ‘Lidiya’, ‘Lilit’ and ‘Volny Don’ grown after sunflower showed their stress resistance, genetic flexibility, plasticity and stability in productivity.
Keywords: winter wheat, homeostasis, stress resistance, genetic flexibility, plasticity, stability.
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