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Abstract.  Man-made radionuclides are released into the environment during nuclear weapons tests, the activities of the nuclear fuel cycle, as well as a result of underground nuclear explosions. The final stages of the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace (accident at “Mayak” in 1957) pass through the territory of the south of the Tyumen region. In addition, in the region 8 of underground nuclear explosions were carried out. However, data on the radiological effects of surface and underground tests of nuclear power, the largest nuclear accident in the territory of the Tyumen region, remain limited. The objective study to analyze the concentration of natural and man-made radionuclides in the soils of the administrative districts of the study area. The study reviewed the results of the measurement of gamma background at the sites of administrative districts of the south of the Tyumen region. These monitoring studies indicate that the natural gamma background on the territory of the studied regions was within the normal range. Analysis of the activity of man-made radionuclides strontium-90 and cesium-137 in soils of the south of the Tyumen region has shown that the concentration of these elements is at different levels. In the study area with marked saturation of gray forest soils and chernozems there is more cesium-137 than strontium-90. Cesium-137 content in the upper soil horizon at all control sites ranged from 3.4 to 18.1 Bq/kg, strontium-90 values ranged from 0.8 to 3.4 Bq/kg. With regard to the content of natural radionuclides in the soil was estimated specific effective activity (Aeff) of natural radionuclides. The indicator for the observation period did not exceed 117.2 Bq/kg, which indicates the favorable natural geochemical background in the study of reference sections.