Authors:
V. V. ROMANOVA, candidate of agricultural sciences, leading researcher, head of the laboratory,
N. A. NIKOLAYEVA, candidate of agricultural sciences, leading researcher
P. F. PERMYAKOVA, candidate of agricultural sciences, senior researcher
YAKUT RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE NAMED AFTER M. G. SAFRONOV (23/1 Bestuzheva-Marlinskogo, 677001, Yakutsk)
Abstract. In the development plan for cattle breeding in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) there is a task to go in for meat cattle breeding, i. e. delivery of meat breeds of the cattle and their cultivation. In 1960–1970 quite large-scale scientific and economic experiments on industrial crossing were conducted for improvement of meat efficiency of local Simmental and Kholmogor breeds. The materials received as the result of research and production experience on heifers and calves are presented in the article. The purpose was to study optimum levels of concentration of exchange energy, nutrients of a diet of cows for growth and development of young growth. The chemical composition of forages has been investigated in laboratory of biochemistry and the mass analysis of the Yakut RIA by the standard technique. The gain of live mass of young growth was determined by monthly weighing by the age periods: at birth, at 3, 6 and 9 months in the morning before feeding. The diet of heifers consisted of hay – 10.0 kg, cryostern – 8.1 kg and local compound feeds – 0.5 kg. The general nutritiousness of the diet was 7.58 EFU. Concentration of EFU in 1 kg of solid was 0.66, digestible protein on 1 EFU – 89.1 g, sugar/protein ratio – 0.57:1. To 6-month age young animals showed average daily gain which has reached the maximum sizes, so for calves this characteristic is 718.4 g; for heifers – at the level of 793.4 g. The calculated indexes have shown that animals of both groups have the proportional constitution characteristic of the cattle of the meat direction of efficiency. All animals differed in compactness, the best expressiveness of meat forms. Optimum levels of concentration of exchange energy and nutrients of diets of heifers have provided the normal growth and development of meat of young growth in the age periods, confirmed need of cultivation and conformed to requirements of selection of prospect.
Keywords: Hereford breed, lactating cows, diet, metabolizable energy, young, live weight, average daily gain.
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