Authors:
O. A. OLENIN, post-graduate student,
VYATKA STATE AGRICULTURAL ACADEMY (133 Oktyabrskiy Ave, 610017, Kirov)
Abstract. Biologization and energy saving in agriculture is a reduction of size of an open condition of biogeochemical circulation and transformation of energy to the agroecosystem. Due to the biogeochemical circulation crucial importance in biological agriculture belongs to organic substance (including vegetable remains) which comes back into the soil. Purpose of this research is to establish the reasons of negative ecosystem changes in the agrobiogeocenosis of spring-sown field at introduction of a complex of basic elements of biologization and energy saving in technology of cultivation and to reveal ways of their overcoming. The research was conducted in 1991–1996 on the skilled field of the Samara State Agricultural Academy located in the central area of the Samara region (the southern forest–steppe of Trans-Volga region). The soil of the skilled site – the black soil, ordinary, mid-thick, heavily agrillaceous. Agrochemical indicators of a layer of 0–40 cm: content of a humus is 7.9 %; the nitrogen which is easily hydrolyzed – 85–115 mg/kg; mobile phosphorus – 145–155 mg/kg; potassium – 155–190 mg/kg; рН salt – 6.8. Weather conditions in the years of carrying out of the experiment were characteristic of conditions of the forest-steppe of Trans-Volga region. The manipulations and observations were carried out according to the standard techniques and state standard specifications laboratory and field analyses. The zoned grade of Zhigulyovsk spring-sown field was cultivated (super-elite). Negative ecosystem changes in agrobiogeocenoses of spring-sown field at introduction of a complex of basic elements of biologization and energy saving are caused by excess of receipt in the processed and root layer of amount of uniform organic substance of grain crops with C:N < 20–30:1. To increase the productivity of spring-sown field it is necessary to include compensative intensive agroreception in a complex of basic elements of biologization and energy saving – mineral fertilizers (increase in comparison with mean annual productivity on average on 0.76 t/ha); or for organic system of fertilizers – pure steam in a crop rotation link.
Keywords: basic elements of biologization and energy saving, biological technology of cultivation, threshold of intake of organic substance, compensative agroreceptions, polyculture on grain.
