Authors:
N. RAMESH BABU, professor,
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF MADRAS (Adyar, Sardar Patel Road, 600036, Tamil Nadu, India)
V. I. NABOKOV, doctor of economic sciences, professor,
E. A. SKVORTSOV, senior lecturer,
URAL STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY (42 K. Liebknechta Str., 620075, Ekaterinburg)
Abstract. Relevance of the research topic is due to a high rate of implementation of robotics in agriculture in Western countries and Russia. The market of agricultural robotics is growing rapidly, about 39 % of robotics in Europe is used for agriculture. The largest producers are the major European manufacturers. The objective necessity of the introduction of robotics in developed countries is explained by the high cost of labor, while in developing countries it is caused by the necessity of the creation of jobs in related industries for the production of machinery for agriculture; increase in the meaningfulness of work and the involvement of young people in the industry; improvement of the quality of agricultural products due to robotics; occupational safety; increasing productivity and reducing personnel risks. Despite the widespread use of robotics in agriculture, there is not a balanced approach to the definition, characteristics and classification of agricultural robotics. We offer to classify agricultural robotics according to the industry application and type of work: in animal husbandry and crop production; according to the nature of movement: fixed, mobile, unmanned aerial vehicles; to the type of management: controlled by the operator, semi-automatic, automatic; to specialization: specific, specialized and universal. Density of robotics usage characterizes the degree of penetration of robotics in manufacturing, and in Russia the density is 2.0 robots for 10 000 work positions, which is significantly lower than in developed countries. However, agriculture in the region is the most robotized sector of the economy with the density index of 7.6. Creation of agricultural robotics involves a number of tasks in the field of mechanics; in the field of robotics control; and in software. These problems can be effectively solved by joint efforts of Russia and India, involving industry research.
Keywords: robotics, agricultural robotics, robotics classification, robotics market.
