Authors:
D. I. Eremin,
M. N. Мoiseeva,
A. V. Lyubimova
Research Institute of Agriculture of the Northern Trans-Urals – branch of the Federal Research Center of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen, Russia
State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Tyumen, Russia
E-mail:
Abstract. The purpose is to study the genetic and agrotechnological features of the formation of the sowing qualities of oat grain at various agricultural backgrounds in the forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on an experimental field located in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals. The object of the study were three varieties of oats, which were sown on different agricultural grounds, ensuring the formation of yields from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha of grain. The mass of 1000 grains, the proportion of fine grains, germination energy and laboratory germination were determined. Results. On the natural agricultural background, the Talisman and Otrada varieties form a yield of 1.41 and 1.85 t/ha with a fraction of fine grain (< 2.0 mm) up to 11 %. In the Foma variety on the natural agricultural background, this indicator was 7.5 %. The introduction of mineral fertilizers for the planned yield from 3.0 to 5.0 t/ha reduces the amount of fine grain only in the Talisman and Foma varieties. Grain with high sowing qualities is formed on a natural agricultural background and when fertilizers are applied to the planned yield of 3.0 t/ha. The grain obtained on such variants had 72–76 % germination energy and 91-93% laboratory germination. Grain obtained at a high and very high agricultural background had low sowing indicators: germination energy and laboratory germination reached minimum values: 57–59 and 61–63 %, respectively. It was found that the mass of 1000 grains depends on fertilizers by 23.4 % and 30.0 % on the weather conditions of the growing season. Varietal characteristics account for 9.6 %. Laboratory germination of the studied varieties by 86.8 % depends on the level of mineral nutrition. Scientific novelty. For the first time for the Northern Trans-Urals, an optimal level of agricultural background has been established, providing maximum yield of oat grain with high sowing qualities. Recommendations. In the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Urals, the cultivation of oats for seed purposes is recommended in fields with an average or increased agricultural background, designed to obtain yields of 3.0 and 4.0 t/ha.
Keywords: varieties of intensive type, planned yield, seed material, high agricultural background, germination energy, laboratory germination, indicator of the strength of influence, genetics of the variety, mineral fertilizers.
For citation: Eremin D. I., Мoiseeva M. N., Lyubimova A. V. Geneticheskiye i agrotekhnologicheskiye osobennosti formirovaniya posevnykh kachestv ovsa pri razlichnom urovne mineral’nogo pitaniya [Genetic and agrotechnological features of the formation of sowing qualities of oats at different levels of mineral nutrition] // Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2022. No. 08 (223). Pp. 27‒38. DOI: 10.32417/1997-4868-2022-223-08-27-38. (In Russian.)
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