Аuthor: A. V. CHELOVECHKOVA, graduate student,
Kurgan State Agricultural Academy of T. S. Maltsev (Lesnikovo, 641300, Kurgan reg., Ketovsky area)
Abstract: Basic hydrophysical characteristics (BHC) of soils are the most informative, widely used function both in scientific soilphysical researches, and in practical tasks. The efforts to find connections of BHC with soil hydrological, physical and me- chanical constants and also with traditional, widely used features (granulometric, aggregate structure, organic matter con- tent, density and others) are often used in the purpose to decrease quantity of work during description of water condition in soil and also cutting time of their experimental handling. The goal of research of our work is construction and observation of BHC of leached black earth in Northern Urals with the help of instrumental control and calculation method on the base of soil hydrological constants recovery. Advantage of the method is using of traditional information for native soil scientists. Its base consists of the conception of A. D. Voronin by which every soil hydrological constant in the curve of water retention corresponds to specified moistness pressure. Therefore the task of reconstruction of BHC is calculation of soil hydrological constants from figures of soil granulometric structure. The values of soil hydrological constants connect with density, porosity of soil and content of fraction of granulometric structure, regressive equation that allows making calculations fast of moistness for specific moistness pressure. That pattern was found out on the wide experimental material. Diagrams of BHC getting with the help of instrumental control and calculation method were made due to research. In the results of diagrams comparison there is good figures correspondence. The difference in moistness is caused by full saturation of patterns in instrumental control. The information that consists in BHC as itself and in combination with additive figures plays a great role in description of soil moisture field that is realized by moistness streams. BHC curves allow defining borders between semisolid, plastic, fluid soil conditions and also moistness that is optimal for mechanical cultivation and so on. Change of BHC allows character- izing effectiveness of land reclamation numerically.
Keywords: soil moisture, thermodynamic potential, main hydrophysical characteristic, capillary-sorbcial pressure, moisture, porous filling of the soil, maximum adsorbcial moisture capacity, pressure moisture, tightness, porosity.
