Аuthors: V. I. VOLYNKIN, candidate of agricultural sciences,
O. V. VOLYNKINA, leading researcher,
Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture (9 Lenina Str., 641325, Kurgan reg., Ketovsky dist., Sadovoe)
Abstract: The article describes the efficiency of fertilizers at resource-saving technology of cultivation of spring wheat in monoculture on stubble. The results of 15 years research of productivity and quality of wheat differed according to the weather. Comparison of influence of three types of weather showed that only at two types of weather conditions (average and good security of plants by moisture) with help of fertilizers in optimum composition and dozes of N40P26 it is possible to receive productivity of 16–21 c/hectare with in quality of grain cultivation frequency 3 classes in 70 % of years. But also among droughty years at productivity in control of 5–10 c/hectare in 66 % of years of fertilizer from them provided increases of 2–5–7 c/hectare and raised the maintenance of gluten in grain and flour of wheat on 3–5 percentage points. It did reception of use of fertilizers fa- vorable. Baking properties of wheat are much higher in dry warm years. At improvement of conditions of moistening of plants the volume exit of bread decreased, but against fertilizers where high increases of productivity (from 5 to 12 c/hectare), baking quality remained at the level of control or improved a little. Potential of efficiency of a monoculture of a spring-sown field on an eddish in the central zone of the Kurgan region was low: on average in 15 years of test it equaled 10 c/hectare, rising due to improvement of food of plants to 15–17 c/hectare. In a crop rotation at annual plowing (1971–1998) productivity of wheat was higher: 15.8 c/hectare in control and 21–22 on N40-60P26 backgrounds. Quality of permanent wheat during all three studied periods significantly improved on backgrounds of use of fertilizers, reducing its dependence on adverse conditions of weather. Many indicators of quality depended and on weather conditions. In damp years nutrients of the soil are more stoutly used on formation of high productivity, and accumulation of albumens in grain is not enough. It is valuable that in such years of fertilizer, increasing productivity of wheat on 5–10–12 c/hectare, significantly improved quantitative indices of quality of grain, keeping or improving of bread properties of wheat.
Keywords: spring wheat, fertilizer, formation of productivity, quality, grain, flour, dough, bread, conditions of the nourishment, moisture, plants.
