Аuthors: S. D. GILEV, candidate of agricultural sciences, deputy director on scientific work,
I. N. TSYMBALENKO, candidate of agricultural sciences, leading researcher,
A. A. ZAMYATIN, candidate of agricultural sciences, leading researcher,
A. P. KURLOV, senior researcher,
Kurgan Agricultural Research Institute (9 Lenina Str., 641325, Kurgan reg., Ketovsky dist., Sadovoe)
Abstract: Widespread adoption of agriculture Trans-Urals on non-plow processing system and direct seeding in stubble back- grounds require constant monitoring of structural soil structure, the optimum condition of which changes under the influ- ence of natural and managed factors (hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period, the subtype of soil, particle size distribution, the water regime of the soil, the method of processing and others). One of the main indicators of the physi- cal condition of the soil is a three-dimensional mass or density of the soil. Preliminary studies in the Central foreststeppe zone is established, that on a background of deep moldboard and flat-cutting treatments, the density of the top- soil leached medium black soil is in the range of 1.13–1.18 g/cm3 , while reducing the depth flat-cutting processing up to 10–12 cm, it increases to 1.24 t/cm3 . The article illustrates the dynamics of the density of the soil, depending on moisture conditions. In the dry spring of 2009 the density of soil options on the minimum of the treatment was increased to 1.36 to 1.37 g/cm3 , and by the following spring of 2010, with good water content, these variants was reduced to 0.12 g/cm3 . Our studies have not established the negative impact of density in the framework of 1.0–1.3 g/cm3 on the yield of spring wheat. A similar conclusion does scientists in Western Siberia, believing that there is no clear correlation between density and yield of grain crops. Of particular interest is the dynamics of the density of the soil in the experiment, where for 8 years studied com- parative effectiveness of direct seeding technology of sowing on moldboard treatment. Over the last three-year period, which differed arid conditions, this experience has a tendency to increase the density of the soil layer 0–20 cm herbicide options pair (without mechanical processing techniques) to 1.33 g/cm3 versus 1.29 g/cm3 for leguminous predecessor. The change of the density in this range had no significant effect on the yield of crops. Our results are supported by the data scientists of Western Siberia, the Southern Urals and other regions, which suggests that leached chernozems have good structural addition and have a high resistance to compaction.
Keywords: tillage methods, density, porosity, unit weight of soil, productivity.
