Аuthors: E. V. KIRILLOVA, senior researcher,
A. N. KOPYLOV, candidate of agricultural sciences, leading researcher,
Kurgan Agricultural Research Institute (9 Lenina Str., 641325, Kurgan reg., Ketovsky dist., Sadovoe)
Abstract: The article presents two long-term field experiments Kurgan Agricultural Research Institute, dedicated to the development of technologies of fertilizer application in four-course grain-fallow crop rotations and permanent wheat at sowing after stubble backgrounds. The economic efficiency of similar doses of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers and their combined and separate use were evaluated for various agro-technologies in a central area of Kurgan region. Results of work allow a number of conclu- sions. Accumulation of gluten in all variants of grain-fallow crop rotation decreased with distance from the fallow field, but it was determined to nitrogen fertilization on the permanent wheat. The most profitable receptions of fertilizer grain-fallow crop rotation were unilateral applications of fertilizers: phosphorus P20 on the 1st wheat after fallow, N40 and N60 nitrogen on the 2nd and 3rd wheat after fallow respectively. Introduction of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer were recommended on the less affluent plant-available phosphorus soils on non-fallow predecessors. The combined use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the permanent sowing of wheat was economically justified, because it increases the quality of grain and profit per hectare. The results allow us to recommend a dose of fertilizer and ways of making nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in crop rotation and on permanent wheat to obtain stable yields of spring wheat with good grain quality.
Keywords: grain-fallow crop rotation, permanent wheat, chemical fertilizers, crop productivity, gluten content, economic efficiency.
