Аuthors: A. A. KONISHCHEV, candidate of technical sciences,
Ivanovo Research Institute of Agriculture (2 Centralnaya Str.,153506, Ivanovo reg., Ivanovo dist., Bogorodskoe),
A. I. BELENKOV, doctor of agricultural sciences,
Moscow Agricultural Academy of K. A. Timiryazev (49 Timiryazevskaya Str., 127550, Moscow),
E. N. KONISHCHEVA, candidate of agricultural sciences,
Ivanovo State Agricultural Academy of D. K. Belyaev (45 Sovetskaya Str., 153012, Ivanovo)
Abstract: The generally accepted conventional concept of formation technologies of tillage based on layer-by-layer planar approach of building operations has not disposable system deficiencies. These disadvantages are determined to a large extent by the or- der of technological operations arrangement. When the soil is worked for a shallower depth with each subsequent operation from the primary tillage till sowing, it is resulted in a sustainable anthropogenic soil compaction. The second disadvantage is the complete sowing productivity dependence on the weather conditions. The current conception does not give a way for this problem solution. Together, these shortcomings generate low equity impact of tillage on sowing productivity. Against the back- ground of increasing costs for cultivation it has given rise to a general tendency to minimize the tillage process. As a result, the defects generated by human activities are exacerbated. The abovementioned shortcomings can be overcome due to transition to heterogeneous conception of technologies arrangement which takes into account agrophysical soil properties of a region, application of the technologies, rainfall regime and change of the order of operations’ arrangement. The conception allows planning of the tillage for a specific region. In this case increase in productivity is provided (particularly in adverse conditions) at an average of 8 % in comparison with the technology based on plowing and of 11 % compared to the classical minimum cultivation. Simultaneously reduces the process of cost and increased productivity. The transition to precision farming does not change the current low equity treatment effect on the yield and fluctuations in its value from precipitation. The proposed concept and devel- oped based on the tillage ability to allow for a more objective approach to their choice based on a number of related conditions.
Keywords: technologies conception, soil cultivation, weather conditions, plant productivity.
