Аuthors: V. S. PASHTETSKY, doctor of agriculture, senior researcher, director,
L. А. RADCHENKO, ph.d. in agriculture, deputy director,
С. G. ZHENCHENKO, senior researcher,
Crimean research institute of agriculture (95453, Russian Federation, Simferopol, Kievskaya St., 150 (0652)560007).
Abstract: The most common are the black earth soils and chestnut soils in different capacities, carbonate and alkalinity in Crimea. The value and importance of humus soil is the presence in their structure of a large amount of humus. So it has conducive struc- ture and water regime, mostly neutral pH of the soil solution and high biological activity to plant. The aim of our research was to assess the content of humus in the soil of the Crimea, the analysis of the causes of a sharp drop in its content, the development of measures for the conservation and replenishment of humus in the conditions of the Crimea. The results showed that the average content of humus in the virgin lands in the 0-30 cm layer is 3.33%. In the stationary experiment where strictly adhered in the last thirty years, crop rotation, make regular organic and mineral fertilizers, alternate deep and shallow soil cultivation with furrow slice inversion and without furrow slice inversion, in the same layer of soil humus content of 2.27 % or 1.47 times less. Cultiva- tion of the soil and a variety of other technological operations lead to significant changes in the process of humification. Many scientists believe that it is by alternating deep plowing with moldboard hoeing combined with minimal (small and shallow) treat- ments can successfully manage the processes of humus, forming a powerful topsoil riched in humus. In the experiments of the Institute of Agriculture of Crimea different depths moldboard and sweep soil cultivation without the use of fertilizers influence on the content of humus in the soil equally. Adding the same manure and fertilizers detected significant differences in the effects of the studied treatments to increase the humus. At present, less than 0.4 tons of organic fertilizer in the form of manure are intro- duced per hectare of arable land, which is associated with a significant decrease in livestock. We should search for other sources to ensure the sufficient humus balance. There are cereal grain part, post-harvest residues of feed, technical and other cultivated plants, green manure crops. Rotations have a positive effect on the accumulation of humus in the soil. Perennial legumes are the greatest value to enrich the soil organic matter, annual legumes are the less. The value of legumes is their ability of nitrogen-fixing bacteria using absorb nitrogen from the air. The use of organic and mineral fertilizers in optimal quantities, alternation of different soil cultivation and crop rotation strict compliance will increase the amount of humus. It will be the basis for crop improvement.
Keywords: soil fertility, humus, crop rotation, soil cultivation, fertilizers.
