N. V. Konik1, E. B. Kalinichenko1 , V. R. Kairov2 , Z. A. Kubatieva2 , E. A. Kapitonova3
1 Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N. I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia
2 Gorsky State Agrarian University, Vladikavkaz, Russia
3 Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology – MVA named after K. I. Skryabin, Moscow, Russia
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Volume 25 No. 1
Date of paper submission: 05.08.2024, date of review: 24.09.2024, date of acceptance: 01.11.2024
Published: 01/31/2025
Abstract. The purpose of the research is to analyze the indicators of the production use of the breeding stock of dairy cattle breeds. Methods. The methodological basis of the study consisted of methods of systematization, logical and comparative analysis. The object of the research were cows of the most common dairy breeds. Results. It was found that of all the dairy cattle breeds bred in the country, Holstein individuals reach the age at first calving earlier than others (731 days), followed by representatives of the Red and White, Simmental and Red Steppe breeds by 107–114 days, which indicates the need for additional resource expenditures to achieve economic maturity. In the context of breeds, it is clear that if the age of retirement of Holstein cows was 3.0 calvings, then this indicator for other breeds was higher by an average of 0.3–0.7 calvings. The results obtained for the service period of Holstein cows can be considered positive, averaging 122 days, which is less than most of the analyzed breeds. It should be noted that the lowest calf yield per 100 cows was typical for the breeding stock of the Black and White and Red and White breeds – 76.2 and 78.6 heads, respectively. Of all the breeds, Simmentals are distinguished by a fairly high level of production use, but the late maturity of the cattle continues to be a breed trait that does not ensure their earlier introduction into milk production. The significant superiority of Holsteins in milk yield over other dairy breeds made it possible to obtain 1675.3 kg of milk from them per 100 kg of live weight versus 1069.8–1077.7 kg for Red Steppe and Simmentals. The scientific novelty. New data on the modern production use of dairy cows, including those bred in gene pool farms in Russia, are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the need to study the age at first calving, the number of calvings, the terms of productive use, the duration of the service period and the yield of calves per 100 cows.
Keywords: breed, dairy cattle, industrial use, milk productivity
For citation: Konik N. V., Kalinichenko E. B., Kairov V. R., Kubatieva Z. A., Kapitonova E. A. Efficiency of production use of dairy cows in the context of federal districts of Russia. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2025; 25 (01): 51‒60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2025-25-01-51-60 (In Russ.)
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