Authors:
E. M. KISLYAKOVA, candidate of agricultural science, professor,
G. Y. BEREZKINA, doctor of agricultural science, professor,
S. L. VOROBYOVA, doctor of agricultural science, professor,
I. V. STRELKOV, post-graduate student,
Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy (11 Studencheskaya Str., 426069, Izhevsk).
Abstract. The development of new feed products based on natural local raw materials, allowing to balance the rations of cows for energy and protein, essential fatty acids and mineral elements is topical. Practical interest at the present stage in the feeding of highly productive cows is the use of flax and rapeseed oil seeds, which are sources of energy, high-grade protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Scientific and economic experience was conducted in educational and experimental farm FSBEI HE Izhevsk SAA on cows of black and motley breed selected by the method of pair-analogues (three groups). The animals of the control group received the basic ration, the analogues of the first test group were replaced by 30 % of the crude protein of the sunflower meal cake with flax seeds (for protein), the animals of the second test group for rapeseed. The introduction of flax seed contributes to an increase in the mass fraction of fat in milk by 0.06 % (P ≥ 0.95), rapeseed seeds stimulate an increase in the mass fraction of protein. The milk of the first-calf cows that received rapeseed seeds was characterized by a large 0.16 and 0.25 % dry skimmed milk residue content compared to the control group analogs (P ≥ 0.95) and the first test group (P ≥ 0.99), lactose on 0.2 % (Р ≥ 0.999) in comparison with milk of the peers of the first test group. The mass fraction of protein in the milk of cows in the experimental groups was 2.93 and 2.97 %, which is higher compared to the milk of analogues from the control group by 0.1 and 0.14 %, respectively (P ≥ 0.999). The use of fodder additive based on flaxseed and rapeseed oilseeds has prospects in feeding cows as a relatively cheap source of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids and a factor improving the physic-chemical properties of milk.
Keywords: high-yielding cows, ration of feeding, flaxseed and rapeseed oil seed, milk quality.
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