Authors:
YU. A. OVSYANNIKOV,
doctor of agricultural sciences, associate professor, professor,
(Ural State Agrarian University (42 K. Libknehta Str., 620075, Ekaterinburg; tel.: +7 343 221-41-16, +7 343 221-41-17; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.)
Abstract. The use of modern technologies in agricultural production made it possible to significantly increase the volume of food production. Thanks to the use of productive equipment, mineral fertilizers and pesticides, the yield of cultivated plants increased by 2–3 times. At the same time, it should be noted that, against the backdrop of an increase in the volume of food production, problems of deteriorating quality are becoming more noticeable. This manifests itself in the accumulation of nitrates in fruits and vegetables, in the reduction of the dry matter and sugars content, in the deterioration of their technological properties and in the preservation in winter. As a result, the biological full value of food is lost, and in some cases they become unsafe for humans. The results of a study on the effect of mineral fertilizers on the chemical composition of beet roots are presented. The content of dry matter in the application of mineral fertilizers decreased from 14.7 to 12.8 %, and sugar — from 57.8 to 52.2 %. It is noted that modern agricultural production has a strong impact on the environment. This, in turn, also affects the quality characteristics of crops and food. Most often this is due to the accumulation of pesticide residues in crop production, which are used to destroy pests and pathogens, as well as to control weeds. Even non-significant concentrations of pesticides in agricultural raw materials and food products pose a great danger to humans. The problems that are observed in modern agriculture have become the impetus for seeking new ways of its development. At the moment, Russia has several concepts for the withdrawal of the agrarian sector from the crisis. It is proposed to use ecology-biosphere agriculture, which, according to the authors, should become the basis for the production of biologically complete and ecologically safe food products.
Keywords: food products, quality of agricultural crops, mineral fertilizers, pesticides, crop production, eco-biosphere agriculture.
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