Authors:
E. A. SKVORTSOV,
specialist in scientific work,
Ural State Agrarian University (42 K. Libknehta Str., 620075, Ekaterinburg),
F. V. VODOLAZSKY,
candidate of technical sciences, associate professor,
Ural Federal University of the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin (19 Mira Str., 620002, Ekaterinburg),
V. V. ASKERKO,
applicant,
Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus (68-2 Nezavisimosty Av., 220072, Minsk, Republic of Belarus)
Abstract. The agricultural organizations are moving to robotics. There are a number of normative documents defining the terminology in this area. A robot is an automatic machine consisting of an executive device in the form of one or more manipulators and a device for controlling their movement. The concept of an agricultural robot is clarified — it is an automatic device designed for independent production and other operations in agriculture, which operates according to a pre-programmed program, generates and uses information about the production process and the external environment from the sensor system. The concept of agricultural robotics has the following meanings: first, the technical means, i. e. a set of automatic programmable devices that perform operations for the production of agricultural products or other operations with high accuracy, repeatability autonomously or through operator commands; secondly, the scientific direction engaged in the search for promising areas and the introduction of automated systems in agricultural production; research and development work on their creation, testing and making necessary changes, determining the effectiveness of their use; generalization and dissemination of the experience of their implementation in the agricultural sectors. The following functions of agricultural robotics are distinguished: performing heavy, physical and monotonous works; labor saving; prompt receipt of information, data on the processes performed and products to improve the effectiveness of the adoption and implementation of management decisions in agricultural production; reduction of occupational diseases and injuries in hazardous and harmful production in agriculture; resource-saving — by using more economical engines and drives, spot processing, saving of consumables in comparison with traditional technology; conservation of nature — reducing the harmful impact on nature through precision machining, the optimal size of technology, etc.; intellectual — involves the implementation of modern robotics analytical, creative operations.
Keywords: agricultural robotics, robotics functions, robot, robotics, agricultural robot, milking robot.
