Authors:
S. V. PODGORNY, senior research associate,
A. P. SAMOFALOV, candidate of agricultural sciences, leading research associate,
O. V. SKRIPKA, candidate of agricultural sciences, leading research associate,
Agrarian Science Center «Donskoy» (3 Nauchnyi gorodok, 347740, Zernograd, Rostov region)
Abstract. The productivity increase of winter wheat as a result of 50-year breeding work of ARRIGC was due to the change of almost all separate elements of yield by the increase of productive stems and head productivity with the primary increase of a number of kernels per head in a greater degree and with the increase of 1000-kernel weight in a lesser degree. Thus it’s necessary to pay special attention to these elements of yield structure in further breeding work. The paper presents the results of three-year study of some elements of yield structure of the collection samples of winter soft wheat with various ecological and geographical origins grown in the south of the Rostov region. There have been selected valuable samples as the sources for the use in breeding programs to increase some traits of productivity. The samples ‘Grom’, ‘Avgusta’, ‘Donna’, ‘Donskaya bezostaya’, ‘Kurazh’, ‘Kameya’ (Russia), ‘Ednist’, ‘Otaman’, ‘Driada 1’ (Ukraine), ‘Xiao Zan 107’ (China) have been selected to increase density of agrocenosis (highly productive stem stand). The samples ‘Goopil’, ‘Gorbi’, ‘Astron’ (Germany), ‘Etnos’, ‘Skipetr’ (Russia), ‘Fantazy’ (Byelorussia), ‘Warwick’ (Canada) have been selected to increase length of head. The samples ‘Ayvina’, ‘Skipetr’ (Russia), ‘Zhong Pin 1504’ (China), ‘Etida’, ‘Alkazar’ (Serbia), ‘Astron’, ‘Heiduk’ (Germany), ‘Menestrel’ (France), ‘MV-17-04’ (Hungary), ‘No 29’, ‘No 34’, ‘No 52’, ‘No 68’ (CIMMYT) (Turkey) have been selected to increase num- ber of kernels per head. The samples ‘Gubernator Dona’, ‘Vassa’ (Russia), ‘Etida’, ‘Oda’ (Serbia), ‘Fantazy’ (Byelorussia), ‘MV 15-04’ (Hungary), ‘KONYA’ (Turkey), ‘Zarichanka’ (Ukraine) have been selected to increase kernel weight per head. The samples ‘1743/04’, ‘884/97’ (Russia), ‘Altamir’ (Bulgaria), ‘Nenka’ (Ukraine), ‘No 30’ (CIMMYT) (Turkey) have been selected to increase size of kernels. The analysis of the coefficients has shown that the trait ‘number of productive stems’ largely varies during the years (V = 20.1‒26.7 %), and on average (V = 16.5 %). The changeability of length of head, number of kernels per head, kernel weight per head turned to be average. The trait ‘1000-kernel weight’ showed a minimum variabil- ity during the years of study (V = 8.6 %), that indicated the high stability of this characteristic. This trait is greatly affected with the genotype of a variety, but the conditions of growing produce a less effect on it. It should be taken into account during selection of samples.
Keywords: winter wheat, collection, sample, productivity, yield structure, changeability.
